Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout Arthritis Patients at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Diet Quality in RA and Gout Patients
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gouty arthritis (GA) are chronic inflammatory joint diseases influenced by dietary patterns. High-purine diets exacerbate GA, while pro-inflammatory diets may worsen RA. This study aimed to assess the nutrient intake and diet quality of RA and GA patients based on the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI) 2017, Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2020 and Standardised Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (S-MHEI) 2021. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 40 adults (20 RA, 20 GA) aged 18-60 years, recruited online and face-to-face. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and 3-day dietary records were collected. Nutrient analysis was performed using Nutritionist Pro 2007, and diet quality was assessed using the S-MHEI 2021. Most RA patients were Malay women (100%), while GA patients were predominantly Malay (75%) and male (85%). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.22 ± 5.24 kg/m2² for RA and 31.90 ± 7.11 kg/m2 for GA, indicating high overweight and obesity prevalence. Energy and carbohydrate intakes were below RNI recommendations, whereas protein, saturated fat, sugar, and sodium intakes exceeded them. Calcium and fibre intake were inadequate. Most RA and GA patients (85%) had moderate diet quality based on the S-MHEI. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified high-fat/high-sodium and grain/dairy patterns among RA patients. Among GA patients, two patterns emerged: a high-purine pattern with high meat, egg, and legume intake and low fruit intake, and a high-vegetable/high-fat pattern. In conclusion, nutrient intake and diet quality of RA and GA patients did not fully comply with national dietary guidelines.
Keywords :
Diet; gout; nutrient; rheumatoid arthritis,
Abstrak
Artritis reumatoid (AR) dan artritis gout (AG) ialah penyakit radang sendi kronik yang dipengaruhi oleh corak pemakanan. Diet tinggi purin memburukkan AG, manakala diet pro-radang boleh memperburukkan AR. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai pengambilan nutrien dan kualiti diet pesakit AR dan AG berdasarkan 'Recommended Nutrient Intakes' (RNI) 2017, 'Malaysian Dietary Guidelines' (MDG) 2020 dan 'Standardised Malaysian Healthy Eating Index' (S-MHEI) 2021. Kajian keratan rentas ini dijalankan melibatkan 40 orang dewasa (20 AR, 20 AG) berumur 18-60 tahun yang direkrut secara dalam talian dan bersemuka. Data sosiodemografi, antropometri dan rekod diet 3 hari telah dikumpulkan. Analisis nutrien dijalankan menggunakan Nutritionist Pro 2007 dan kualiti diet dinilai menggunakan S-MHEI 2021. Kebanyakan pesakit AR ialah wanita Melayu (100%), manakala pesakit AG kebanyakannya berbangsa Melayu (75%) dan lelaki (85%). Purata indeks jisim badan (BMI) ialah 27.22 ± 5.24 kg/m2 bagi AR dan 31.90 ± 7.11 kg/m2 bagi AG, menunjukkan prevalens berlebihan berat badan dan obesiti yang tinggi. Pengambilan tenaga dan karbohidrat adalah di bawah saranan RNI, manakala pengambilan protein, lemak tepu, gula dan natrium melebihi saranan. Pengambilan kalsium dan serat didapati tidak mencukupi. Kebanyakan pesakit AR dan AG (85%) mempunyai kualiti diet sederhana berdasarkan S-MHEI. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) mengenal pasti corak tinggi lemak/natrium dan bijirin/tenusu dalam kalangan pesakit AR. Bagi pesakit AG, dua corak utama dikenal pasti: corak tinggi purin dengan pengambilan daging, telur dan kekacang yang tinggi serta buah yang rendah, dan corak tinggi sayur/lemak. Kesimpulannya, pengambilan nutrien dan kualiti diet pesakit AR dan AG masih belum mematuhi sepenuhnya garis panduan pemakanan kebangsaan.
Kata Kunci :
Diet; gout; nutrien; rheumatoid arthritis ,
Correspondance Address
*Correspondence: roslee@ukm.edu.my (RR); sazliyana@ukm.edu.my (SSS)
